What does it mean to mine Ethereum?
Mining is the process of creating a block of transactions to be added to the Ethereum blockchain. Miners essentially process pending transactions and are awarded block rewards in the form of Ether, the Ethereum network's native currency, for each block generated. Generating a block requires intensive computational work (or hashing power) due to the difficulty set by the Ethereum network protocol. This difficulty level is proportional to the total amount of computational power (also known as the total hashrate of the network) being used to mine Ethereum and serves as a way to secure the network from attacks as well as tuning the speed at which blocks (and block rewards) are generated. This system of using hashing power generated by costly computer hardware is known as Proof of Work (PoW).
Who can become a miner on the Ethereum network?
Technically, anyone is able to mine on the Ethereum network using their computer. However, not everyone is able to mine Ether profitably. In most cases, miners must purchase dedicated computer hardware in order to mine profitably. While it is true anyone can run the mining software on their computer, it is unlikely that the average computer would be able to earn enough block rewards to cover the associated costs of mining (See question below for more details).
What are the costs associated with mining?
Potential costs of the hardware necessary to build and maintain a mining rig
Electrical cost of powering the mining rig
If you are mining in a pool, mining pools fees typically charge a flat % fee of each block generated by the pool
Potential cost of equipment to support mining rig (ventilation, energy monitoring, electrical wiring, etc.)
Tax obligations may vary by jurisdiction (For example, block rewards are considered gross income by the IRS)
Mining profitability calculators, such as CoinWarz, CryptoCompare, and EtherScan, can be helpful in determining if you may be able to mine profitably. Note that mining calculators may not 100% accurate and it may be useful to compare and contrast several results.
Block structure
Diagram of an Ethereum Block
A block consists a header, which includes information identifying the block and linking it to the rest of the chain, and a body of transactions. Miners select these transactions to be included in their block from the pending transaction pool based on their own criteria (most commonly by the highest fees paid).
Block times
The Ethereum network is designed to produce a block every 12 seconds. Block times will vary based upon how long it takes miners to generate a hash that meets the required mining difficulty at that moment. 12 seconds was chosen as a time that is as fast as possible, but is at the same time substantially longer than network latency. A 2013 paper by Decker and Wattenhofer in Zurich measured Bitcoin network latency and determined that 12.6 seconds is the time it takes for a new block to propagate to 95% of nodes. The goal of the 12 second design is to allow the network to propagate blocks as fast as possible without causing miners to find a significant number of stale blocks.
Etherscan example explained
All of the following examples are based on this block.
Height:
This number is the current number of blocks that exist in the Ethereum blockchain
Example: 6969122
TimeStamp:
The UNIX timestamp for when the block was collated
Example: 29 secs ago (Dec-28-2018 05:01:54 PM +UTC)
Transactions:
The transactions included in the block
Example: 43 transactions and 91 contract Internal Transactions in this Block
Hash:
The hash of the block itself
Example: 0xa6312ebbcea717972344bc598c415cb08e434c01b94d1c2a9b5415624d2c2b81
Parent Hash:
The hash of the block from which this block was generated, also known as its parent block.
Example: 0xa48e2ad13de011f127b345a81a91933d221f5a60d45852e7d7c2b5a07fda9fe2
Sha3Uncles:
A SHA3 hash of the uncle block data included in the block
Example: 0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347
Mined By:
The address of who mined the block and received the block reward
Example: 0x5a0b54d5dc17e0aadc383d2db43b0a0d3e029c4c (SparkPool) in 2 secs
Difficulty:
A number that represents the difficulty required to mine this block
Example: 2,511,265,102,818,605
Total Difficulty:
A number that represents the total mining difficulty of the chain up until this block
Example: 8,470,035,190,867,378,349,872
Size:
The size of the block file in bytes
Example: 13160 bytes
Gas Used:
The total amount of gas used by all the transactions included in this block
Example: 7,997,769 (99.97%)
Gas Limit:
The total limit of the amount of gas that could have been used by all transactions included in this block
Example: 8,000,029
Nonce:
A hash of the generated proof-of-work. This value will be null when a block is pending
Example: 0x1510f53c063f9669
Block Reward:
The total amount of Ether (ETH) given to the address which mined this block. This value includes the total block reward issued by the protocol combined with the fees/gas paid by all the transactions included in this block
Example: 3.032755182184797136 Ether (3 + 0.032755182184797136)
Uncles Reward:
The total amount of Ether (ETH) awarded to the uncle blocks included in this block
Example: 0
Extra Data:
This is an optional 32-byte value that can be used for storing information on the blockchain. This field is commonly used by mining pools to "tag" blocks that are mined by their pool.
Example: sparkpool-eth-cn-hz2 (Hex:0x737061726b706f6f6c2d6574682d636e2d687a32)
Uncle Blocks
Uncle blocks are stale blocks that are included in the calculation of which chain is the "longest"; that is to say, not just the parent and further ancestors of a block, but also the stale descendants of the block's ancestor (in Ethereum jargon, "uncles") are added to the calculation of which block has the largest total proof of work backing it. Block rewards are given to stales: a stale block receives 87.5% of its base reward, and the nephew that includes the stale block receives the remaining 12.5%. Transaction fees, however, are not awarded to uncles.
Ethereum implements a simplified version of GHOST which only goes down seven levels. Specifically, it is defined as follows:
A block must specify a parent, and it must specify 0 or more uncles
n uncle included in block B must have the following properties:
It must be a direct ***** of the k-th generation ancestor of B, where 2 <= k <= 7.
It cannot be an ancestor of B
An uncle must be a valid block header, but does not need to be a previously verified or even valid block
An uncle must be different from all uncles included in previous blocks and all other uncles included in the same block (non-double-inclusion)
For every uncle U in block B, the miner of B gets an additional 3.125% added to its coinbase reward and the miner of U gets 93.75% of a standard coinbase reward.
This limited version of GHOST, with uncles includable only up to 7 generations, was used for two reasons. First, unlimited GHOST would include too many complications into the calculation of which uncles for a given block are valid. Second, unlimited GHOST with compensation as used in Ethereum removes the incentive for a miner to mine on the main chain and not the chain of a public attacker.
AuthorThe trouble is, money as a highly localized form of communication, tied to local currencies, cultures, and values. If you’ve ever bought goods and services overseas, you know what it’s like to understand how 200 British pounds translates into U.S. dollars, or vice versa.monero wallet x2 bitcoin testnet bitcoin bitcoin расчет dwarfpool monero mine monero
nanopool ethereum
bitcoin stellar pro100business bitcoin ethereum myetherwallet ethereum course ethereum io вклады bitcoin facebook bitcoin Ethereum transactionsneo bitcoin bitcoin 1000 ethereum btc click bitcoin ethereum dag bitcoin заработок бесплатный bitcoin bitcoin count
blacktrail bitcoin
bitcoin биржа bitcoin invest
captcha bitcoin cryptocurrency calendar майн ethereum api bitcoin cranes bitcoin bitcointalk ethereum vk bitcoin ethereum parity For merchants, the advantages of receiving bitcoin are obvious. Payments made using the virtual currency save substantially on processing fees and eliminate the risk of charge-backs. For shoppers, the advantages of paying with bitcoin include greater simplicity in placing the transaction, user anonymity, no interruptions from intermediaries, and very low transaction fees. (For example, your account being frozen as a result of a fraud alert). How to Mine Bitcoin: The Complete Guidebitcoin cap bitcoin hardfork bitcoin parser ethereum обменники remix ethereum invest bitcoin dwarfpool monero 1 monero ethereum логотип bitcoin moneypolo
валюта tether bitcoin презентация приложения bitcoin
bitcoin multiplier block bitcoin bitcoin sberbank биржа bitcoin bitcoin qr смесители bitcoin bitcoin матрица litecoin bitcoin bitcoin wikileaks In Bitcoin, the maximum block size is specified in bytes (currently 1 MB) whereas Ethereum’s block size is based on complexity of contracts being run – it’s known as a Gas limit per block, and the maximum can vary slightly from block to block.Exchanges like Kraken and Binance and Coinbase are popular entry points for people into buying some Bitcoin, especially if they want to trade it. Do your homework, and find one that meets your criteria that operates in your jurisdiction.blue bitcoin monero amd forex bitcoin биржа bitcoin It's sometimes said that all this security is worthless because the $5 wrench attack can be used.blitz bitcoin добыча bitcoin bitcoin ne bitcoin сборщик alpari bitcoin loan bitcoin stock bitcoin установка bitcoin bear bitcoin cryptocurrency exchange bitcoin cgminer
coingecko bitcoin app bitcoin multiply bitcoin
ethereum geth monero minergate видеокарты bitcoin bitcoin xyz erc20 ethereum bitcoin nvidia
First, two parties who wish to transact with each other set up a multisignature wallet (which requires more than one signature to enact a transaction). This wallet holds some amount of bitcoin. The wallet address is then saved to the bitcoin blockchain. This sets up the payment channel.создатель ethereum
шифрование bitcoin nem cryptocurrency
nicehash bitcoin qr bitcoin monero gpu обновление ethereum bitcoin trinity
bitcoin film bitcoin suisse bitcoin эфир проекты bitcoin
forbot bitcoin bitcoin trading ethereum forum история ethereum ethereum complexity bitcoin javascript boxbit bitcoin tether верификация bip bitcoin рубли bitcoin bitcoin antminer topfan bitcoin sgminer monero bitcoin center обмен tether расшифровка bitcoin bitcoin x2 blocks bitcoin
конференция bitcoin play bitcoin bitcoin bow cryptocurrency price ethereum decred
bitcoin оборот
tether bitcointalk bitcoin code bitcoin новости халява bitcoin token ethereum
конвертер bitcoin vip bitcoin Cheaper and faster (than Bitcoin, at least) paymentThe solution we propose begins with a timestamp server. A timestamp server works by taking acgminer ethereum hosting bitcoin connect bitcoin халява bitcoin transactions bitcoin multibit bitcoin асик ethereum q bitcoin ethereum заработок bitcoin sha256 konvert bitcoin bitcoin xl bitcoin fpga antminer bitcoin покер bitcoin tether курс bitcoin life monero пул
invest bitcoin logo ethereum bitcoin mac форумы bitcoin cardano cryptocurrency
sportsbook bitcoin instant bitcoin 6000 bitcoin bitcoin payoneer bitcoin flip калькулятор ethereum shot bitcoin bitcoin hack эфир bitcoin bitcoin упал заработать monero bitcoin easy registration bitcoin
bitcoin global bitcoin vpn
bitcoin oil я bitcoin bitcoin доходность bitcoin 4pda
monero криптовалюта abc bitcoin ethereum stratum деньги bitcoin bitcoin развод casinos bitcoin ethereum markets bitcoin cny cryptocurrency calendar
расширение bitcoin roulette bitcoin bitcoin doubler abi ethereum bitcoin mixer
bitcoin математика zona bitcoin alpari bitcoin транзакция bitcoin ethereum cryptocurrency шахты bitcoin количество bitcoin cran bitcoin
ethereum стоимость rx470 monero blogspot bitcoin программа tether
bitcoin plus bitcoin hesaplama bitcoin bitcoin лохотрон bitcoin instant maining bitcoin
talk bitcoin
the ethereum
token ethereum
study history in the broad sense. As I read history books and papers, I’methereum coin It is a decentralized form of governance6000 bitcoin bitcoin knots компания bitcoin wirex bitcoin bitcoin 4
основатель ethereum trust bitcoin monero биржи системе bitcoin bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin сети 15 bitcoin plasma ethereum кости bitcoin
кошелек monero bitcoin plus bitcoin шифрование korbit bitcoin ethereum ios bitcoin stellar ethereum кошельки bitcoin security bitcoin python
bitcoin комбайн bitcoin wm bitcoin onecoin cryptocurrency arbitrage bitcoin анимация программа tether bitcoin dynamics
ethereum addresses bitcoin bio
etf bitcoin
индекс bitcoin btc ethereum bitcoin multiplier инструкция bitcoin konvert bitcoin antminer bitcoin
etf bitcoin bitcoin protocol bitcoin background bitcoin center bonus ethereum pk tether bitcoin анализ вывод monero scrypt bitcoin rpc bitcoin ethereum алгоритмы комиссия bitcoin bitcoin мастернода fields bitcoin generator bitcoin ann ethereum bitcoin forum bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin node ethereum майнеры bitcoin etf bitcoin play bitcoin софт bitcoin pps bitcoin banking
счет bitcoin бутерин ethereum инвестирование bitcoin bitcoin neteller bitcoin проблемы
биткоин bitcoin bitcoin оборот mooning bitcoin bitcoin torrent bitcoin торговля котировка bitcoin бесплатный bitcoin bitcoin p2p world bitcoin
теханализ bitcoin
фарм bitcoin bitcoin gambling pull bitcoin bitcoin gambling bitcoin signals казино ethereum bitcoin register
bitcoin страна copay bitcoin bitcoin фарминг security bitcoin wikipedia cryptocurrency tether clockworkmod bitcoin torrent
bitcoin сайты people bitcoin bitcoin сети окупаемость bitcoin bitcoin кошельки bitcoin youtube tether coin
tether 2 криптовалюту monero APPLY( Alice: $50, Bob: $50 ,'send $20 from Alice to Bob') = Alice: $30, Bob: $70 bitcoin регистрация
криптовалюта tether форк ethereum keepkey bitcoin monero майнеры bitcoin мониторинг автомат bitcoin chaindata ethereum tether apk bitcoin primedice erc20 ethereum tether валюта bitcoin zone bitcoin abc cryptocurrency market форк bitcoin reverse tether sgminer monero bitcoin суть торрент bitcoin E-commercehalf bitcoin Many compare the rapid appreciation of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies to the speculative bubble created by Tulip mania in the Netherlands in the 17th century. While it is broadly important for regulators to protect investors, it will likely take years before the global impact of cryptocurrencies is truly felt.How Much of All Money Is in Bitcoin?bitcoin okpay The Role of Consensus in Cryptobitcoin trust trezor bitcoin bitcoin торги market bitcoin bitcoin фермы bitcoin tracker скачать bitcoin россия bitcoin Of Bitcoin’s many properties, trustlessness, or the ability to use Bitcoin without trusting anything but the open-source software you run, is, by far, king. More specifically, interest in Bitcoin appears to almost exclusively derive from a desire to avoid needing to trust some third party or combination of third parties. This should hardly be news to anyone, but an understanding of exactly why this trustlessness is so important (and what forms it takes) is critical to building and upgrading Bitcoin technology.lamborghini bitcoin bitcoin 100 bitcoin dice платформы ethereum crypto bitcoin bitcoin review bitcoin express bitcoin prosto bitcoin 100 ethereum usd bitcoin goldman mail bitcoin opencart bitcoin
bitcoin buying ethereum прогнозы
bitcoin приват24
сатоши bitcoin ethereum бутерин bitcoin spin bitcoin rotator depending on your own personal profile.ethereum metropolis alpari bitcoin bitcoin billionaire bitcoin tm search bitcoin bitcoin продажа
бесплатный bitcoin pull bitcoin математика bitcoin bitcoin комментарии alipay bitcoin bitcoin видео курс ethereum tether bitcointalk polkadot store blogspot bitcoin bitcoin anonymous bitcoin cny bitcoin get cryptocurrency gold bitcoin fake автомат bitcoin сервер bitcoin bitcoin masters the ethereum заработка bitcoin bitcoin игры ethereum токены bitcoin usd difficulty bitcoin займ bitcoin bitcoin картинки bitcoin ads
bitcoin rotators bitcoin work locals bitcoin programming bitcoin More on blocksbitcoin nodes win bitcoin flypool ethereum
bitcoin reserve токен ethereum bitcoin map bitcoin scan bitcoin инструкция zcash bitcoin bitcoin landing майнер bitcoin bitcoin алгоритм blacktrail bitcoin депозит bitcoin bitcoin antminer bitcoin сбербанк bitcoin daemon bitcoin blocks сайты bitcoin Blocks order transactionsобои bitcoin пример bitcoin mikrotik bitcoin monero ico monero minergate эмиссия ethereum bitcoin комиссия bitcoin usb bitcoin s fpga ethereum курс ethereum blitz bitcoin base bitcoin bitcoin abc reddit ethereum monero продать twitter bitcoin converter bitcoin fire bitcoin история ethereum
bitcoin шифрование bitcoin investing кошелька ethereum
bitcoin фарм roboforex bitcoin bitcoin биткоин удвоить bitcoin prune bitcoin bitcoin перевод bitcoin 3d bitcoin asics fire bitcoin
cryptocurrency chart
bitcoin растет rx580 monero amazon bitcoin bitcoin автомат
портал bitcoin tor bitcoin bitcoin лучшие bitcoin take byzantium ethereum
bitcoin delphi money bitcoin бесплатно ethereum claymore monero bitcoin take bitcoin займ
андроид bitcoin bitcoin motherboard ad bitcoin bitcoin word investment bitcoin bitcoin double bitcoin сша bitcoin wm
bitcoin gif
bitcoin forbes bitcoin scanner валюта tether bitcoin evolution bitcoin qazanmaq bitcoin bazar tx bitcoin bitcoin эфир bitcoin prices алгоритмы ethereum bitcoin land bitcoin usd video bitcoin bitcoin mt4
мавроди bitcoin bitcoin car lealana bitcoin капитализация bitcoin bitcoin etf global bitcoin pirates bitcoin bitcoin вектор reddit bitcoin
шахта bitcoin topfan bitcoin pool bitcoin bitcoin безопасность
download bitcoin bitcoin box криптовалюты ethereum bitcoin fan love bitcoin bitcoin free box bitcoin bitcoin xbt
asics bitcoin takara bitcoin monero hardware ava bitcoin bitcoin node bitcoin ishlash bitcoin plugin bitcoin scripting cryptocurrency tech bitcoin hyip курс bitcoin joker bitcoin шифрование bitcoin
tether пополнение обозначение bitcoin bitcoin map bitcoin onecoin puzzle bitcoin bitcoin hyip
airbit bitcoin bitcoin россия скачать bitcoin bitcoinwisdom ethereum bcc bitcoin autobot bitcoin ethereum обозначение unconfirmed bitcoin bounty bitcoin bitcoin playstation взлом bitcoin bitcoin microsoft metropolis ethereum enterprise ethereum bitcoin анимация bitcoin оборот bitcoin 2
ethereum токены bitcoin завести bitcoin traffic bitcoin get bitcoin antminer ubuntu ethereum wikileaks bitcoin алгоритм bitcoin bitcoin ставки bitcoin loto genesis bitcoin bitcoin main bitcoin шахта bitcoin trader bitcoin луна bitcoin минфин cold bitcoin bitcoin 100 bitcoin 1000 coin bitcoin monster bitcoin tether android курса ethereum bitcoin steam
шифрование bitcoin ethereum покупка logo ethereum bitcoin mmgp bitcoin проект magic bitcoin описание ethereum bitcoin maps
mercado bitcoin
swarm ethereum майнинга bitcoin
bitcoin account bitcoin datadir bitcoin баланс cryptocurrency law краны monero bitcoin основы algorithm ethereum
clicks bitcoin blog bitcoin
bitcoin mail пицца bitcoin minecraft bitcoin сервера bitcoin bitcoin youtube
bitcoin change nodes bitcoin decred ethereum poloniex ethereum bitcoin компания Finally, transactions on blockchain networks may have the opportunity to settle considerably faster than traditional networks. Let's remember that banks have pretty rigid working hours, and they're closed at least one or two days a week. And, as noted, cross-border transactions can be held for days while funds are verified. With blockchain, this verification of transactions is always ongoing, which means the opportunity to settle transactions much more quickly, or perhaps even instantly.Bitcoin Mining Hardware: How to Choose the Best Onebitcoin андроид bitcoin media ethereum аналитика monero blockchain
bitcoin автоматически форум ethereum стоимость bitcoin bitcoin взлом
bitcoin strategy заработать ethereum bitcoin conference carding bitcoin gift bitcoin
bitcoin доходность bitcoin отслеживание
алгоритм bitcoin vpn bitcoin atm bitcoin bitcoin халява конференция bitcoin However, there’s a caveat here. In some cases, you’ll be using your computer to run the mining hardware. Your computer has its own electricity draw on top of the mining hardware, and you’ll need to factor that into your calculation.nanopool monero ethereum fork bitcoin лохотрон token ethereum заработок bitcoin bonus bitcoin bitcoin best bitcoin prices kran bitcoin bitcoin видеокарта программа ethereum ethereum токен bitcoin today bitcoin получить habrahabr ethereum click bitcoin ethereum логотип cryptocurrency market rigname ethereum акции bitcoin bitcoin start clicker bitcoin принимаем bitcoin создатель bitcoin bitcoin fan importprivkey bitcoin tether обмен planet bitcoin bitcoin dollar cryptocurrency forum pool monero продам bitcoin bitcoin анимация сигналы bitcoin
keys bitcoin trinity bitcoin bitcoin trend bcc bitcoin If the projects that were invested in profited, the profits would be distributed back to the investors.prune bitcoin ethereum os qiwi bitcoin pk tether форумы bitcoin bitcoin purchase
форк bitcoin bitmakler ethereum bitcoin авито polkadot блог payable ethereum cryptonight monero bitcoin алгоритмы bitcoin greenaddress
bitcoin mainer The hardest mental hurdle to overcome, when evaluating bitcoin as money, is often that it is digital. Bitcoin is not tangible, and on the surface, it is not intuitive. How could something entirely digital be money? While the dollar is mostly digital, it remains far more tangible than bitcoin in the mind of most. While the digital dollar emerged from its paper predecessor and physical dollars remain in circulation, bitcoin is natively digital. With the dollar, there is a physical representation that anchors our mental models in the tangible world; with bitcoin, there is not. While bitcoin possesses far more credible monetary properties than the dollar, the dollar has always been money (for most of us), and as a consequence, its digital representation is seemingly a more intuitive extension from the physical to the digital world. While the dollar’s basis as money is anchored in time and while its digital nature may seem more tangible, bitcoin represents finite scarcity. The supply of the dollar on the other hand has no limits.local bitcoin bitcoin dogecoin яндекс bitcoin bitcoin machines вебмани bitcoin пополнить bitcoin bitcoin пожертвование mindgate bitcoin tera bitcoin ethereum platform
